Cellulose Nanofiber and Dye from Oil Palm Tree

油ヤシからのセルロースナノファイバーと染料の製造

2020-03-25

2020-03-25

The purpose of this study is producing cellulose nanofiber and dye from oil palm tree. This thesis consists of four chapters, the essence of each chapter is as follows.In Chapter 1, it was reported on background of this thesis and present state regarding the production of cellulose nanofiber and natural dyes. Especially these materials were over viewed in historic and global point of view and summarized and the purpose of this study was described.In Chapter 2, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were obtained from three types of oil palm wastes, palm pressed fiber (PPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB), and palm kernel shell (PKS), as well as the trunk of the oil palm tree, to compare their morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Despite large differences in the chemical components of cell walls in the raw materials, the production of CNFs from all parts of the oil palm were achieved in this work. The morphology and mechanical properties of the CNF sheets obtained from the trunk had advantages over the CNF sheets from wastes, while the thermal degradation properties showed no advantage. Cellulose crystallinity of the CNF sheet from the PPF and PKS had lower crystallinity (69.1 and 71.1%), and the highest crystallinity of 77.0% was exhibited by the sheet from the trunk. The value of specific tensile strength and specific Young’s modulus were highest in the CNF sheet of the trunk, and lowest mechanical properties shown in the CNF sheet from the PPF. These results strongly suggested that the CNF could be obtained from all parts of the plants, but their properties may vary.In Chapter 3, the dyeing of fabrics by using the extracts from trunk, empty fruit bunch, PPF and palm kernel shell (PKS) of oil palm trees was tried and the relationships between dyeing conditions and dyeability were studied. It was found that the PKS extracts obtained by the extraction with water dye silk fabric brownish orange color and they show highest dyeability among the extracts. The dyeing results for silk fabric by PKS extracts with an increase in the amount of extracts in the dyeing solution do not show general dyeing behaviour. The hue of dyed silk changes and the lightness decreases and then slightly increases with an increase in the supplied amount of extracts. It indicates that the colourants in PKS extracts may be oxidised and they change chemically during dyeing process and/or the colourant molecules might form aggregates and the composition of dyestuffs adsorbed on fibre varies. The dyeability of silk by PKS extracts increases with increasing dyeing time and temperature. Furthermore, it was revealed that wool, cotton, ramie and nylon are also dyed by PKS extracts. This study has clarified for the first time that the extracts from PKS of oil palm trees work as a useful dye dyestuff.

博士(工学)

京都工芸繊維大学

14303甲第968号

http://hdl.handle.net/10212/2578

eng

ETD

26

Thesis or Dissertation

Thesis